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For the 19th Day of White History Month we celebrate two of the greatest and most anti-semitic monarchs in Medieval Europe, Pogrom Kings Saint Louis IX of France and Edward I of England! Both Kings were fearless warriors, effective rulers, leaders of Crusades and expelled the jews from their respective Kingdoms.
King Louis IX was born in 1214 and crowned in 1226. During his 44 year reign he was the wealthiest and most powerful monarch in Europe. The 13th century in France was referred to as the golden century of Saint Louis. France was the center of medieval culture. He built the Sainte-Chapelle to house a fragment of the true cross as well as the Crown of Thorns. In 1239, Louis had bought the Crown for 135,000 livres from the Latin Emperor of Constantinople Baldwin II. The Latin Empire had taken over the city and its surrounding area after the Sack of Constantinople by Crusaders in 1204.
In 1230, King Louis outlawed usury by banishing all jews who practiced it and confiscated the wealth it derived. In 1240, he became the first Monarch of Europe to receive a translation of the Talmud. He and his religious scholars were not pleased by the anti-Christian sentiments it expressed. They ordered the leaders of the jewish community to court where the held a trial for the Talmud known as the Disputation of Paris. The worst lines of the Talmud were read aloud for the court. The jewish leaders were demanded to explain each one. The trial led to the King ordering every copy of the Talmud be burned in 1242. Destroying over 12,000 Talmuds and other jewish texts.
That same year King Louis became mortally ill. From 1242 to 1244 it appeared he would die of his sickness which left him bed ridden. In his dying state he payed to God, promising to take the cross if he should get better. Miraculously, his illness disappeared. In 1248, he kept his promise by leading the Seventh Crusade into Egypt. They landed at the port of Damietta and succeeded where the last 2 crusades had failed by taking control of the city. They marched down the Nile for Cairo but the intense heat caused severe attrition. King Louis' depleted army was destroyed at the Battle of Fariskur 1250. The King was ransomed for 400,000 livres and the return of Damietta. He returned to France in 1254, after reinforcing Christian defenses across the Holy Land. In 1259 the Greek prince exiled in Anatolia won a major battle against the Latin Empire, retaking Constantinople by 1261, known as the Palaiologos Restoration. King Louis launched his next Crusade in 1267. With him, his 3 sons, his younger brother, and the prince of England, Lord Edward. After landing in Tunis, their camp was struck with disease and King Louis died while on Crusade. He was proclaimed a Saint by the Pope in 1297, for being a model Christian Monarch.
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Lord Edward's youth was a period of civil war in England know as the Baron's Wars. Instability and rebellion was the lasting legacy of King John. Edward was captured by rebel Barons after losing a battle in 1264 but managed to escape in a few months. Edward then led a force against the Baron leader, winning the Battle of Evesham in 1265, finally pacifying the realm. From 1271 to 1272, Edward was leading the Ninth Crusade, known as Lord Edward's Crusade. The last successful campaign in the Holy Lands before the final fall of Acre in 1291 and Ruad in 1302. After winning several battles, Edward was attacked in the night by an Assassin. No ordinary killer, he was sent by the Order of Assassins based out of Alamut and Masyaf Castles in Persia and Syria. Edward fought and killed the Assassin but had a festering wound from the poison dagger. He decided to depart for home. On his way back he received word his father had died. Upon arrival in England, he was coronated in Westminster Abbey, November 1272.
He began his reign with the total conquest of Wales and the suppression of two rebellions from 1277 to 1283. He further expanded English control into Ireland. King Alexander II of Scotland died in 1286, without an heir so King Edward was invited to arbitrate their succession but took it as an opportunity for his Kingdom to extend its control over all of Britannia. Using this as a casus belli, he began his conquest of Scotland. However, faced with the Scottish heroes John Balliol, William Wallace, and Robert the Bruce, the wars in Scotland would take another 2 generations of English Kings, only to be fought to a stand still. France seized this opportunity to capture English holdings on the continent in 1294. Edward now found himself in a two front war against Scotland and France. France was Edward's first priority so he sailed South to fight and eventually retook Gascony by 1303.
On the 18th July 1290, a day jews commemorate the Destruction of Israel, King Edward issued the Edict of Expulsion. Edward told the sheriffs of every county, all Jews must be expelled by no later than All Saints' Day, November 1 that year. Jews were allowed to leave with personal possessions, but debts and properties were claimed by the Crown. Thanks to King Edward, jews would disappear from England for the next 300 years. A period known today as the English Renaissance.
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@Fash-E >In 1230, King Louis outlawed usury by banishing all jews who practiced it and confiscated the wealth it derived
Retvrn to tradition
Fash-E :windmill_of_friendship:
Titanbreaker-kun
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