@Cousin_Isobel
As for (a). The Israeli government is a parliamentary system. The government in power contains roughly three factions (though its 5 parties).
Faction 1 - Netanyahu and his party. Look, Netanyahu at this point just wants to cling to power. I think historically his view has been to try as long as possible to keep the status quo - not annexing the West Bank, but not removing any settlements either. Slowly growing settlements in line with a 'facts on the ground' strategy. When speaking with Israelis Netanyahu has historically said there will never be a Palestinian state on his watch. With Americans, he nominally supports a two-state solution. I think he is happy to just kick the can down the road.
Faction 2 - Haredim (Ultra-Orthodox) parties. Historically, they didn't care so much about the Palestinian issue. They were looking out primarily for their own voter base. In recent years they seem to have become more hawkish on Palestine, because they have become increasingly tied up with Netanyahu, and more and more Haredim are settlers (not necessarily for ideological reasons, but because it is often cheap and Haredi communities trend lower SES).
Faction 3 - The fascists. I think it's clear that this group wants to deport all the Palestinians at best, to somewhere like Jordan. In recent years they have softened how they talk about it, speaking about loyalty pledges or some such, but I think everyone knows the score, and seemingly with every conflict they gain more and more support.