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Paper wasps manufacture paper for their nests from tiny fibers exfoliated from exposed, weathered wood. Paper wasps use their mandibles to compress wood fibers into thin sheets, which they use as nest and covering cells. except for the paper wasp, where the cells are not enclosed. Nests built this way are structurally resilient and relatively weather resistant. Inside the nest, the cells along the perimeter are roughly circular, while the inner cells are more hexagonal. The number of cells within a nest depends on the colony size. Nests are usually arranged with the opening facing the bottom or bottom. Paper wasp and Polyvia nests typically contain only one layer of cells.

Once a dominance hierarchy is established within a new colony, the queen bee is responsible for most of the egg laying and subordinates are responsible for caring for the offspring. Worker bees take care of the chicks and are also responsible for growing the nest. The difference between workers and females is that females are produced only in the late stages and workers emerge throughout the reproductive period. In addition, hens are inactive in the nest. Ginkgoes mate before overwintering and, if successful, become spawners for the following season.

Most of the Polistes workers remain in their natal nests and work as helpers. In all but a few species of paper wasps, the female emerges mid-season and acts as a helper until the queen is gone. Significant differences in aid are found among casters of various species of paper wasps. Within Nest, we can see that co-founders are more than 50% related. The degree of relationship between the co-founders may explain the advantage of joining the Nest as a subordinate rather than developing another Nest that is less likely to succeed. Minions provide labor to care for the dominant Founder's descendants, reducing the Founder's mortality rate by taking over the more dangerous gathering work.

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