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We researched electric powertrains for light GA aircraft for our first 'high profile' client. The mission profile was simple:
1. 265 peak HP
2. Taxi, Takeoff, Climb, 2 hour cruise at 70% power, descend, approach, waveoff, go to alternate pkus 30 min loiter (a relatively standard IFR cross country profile)
3. 2000 hour battery life with 1000 charge cycles
4. Battery must tolerate the elements
5. Battery volumetric & mass properties must not exceed the equivalent of two 30-gallon fuel tanks
Findings were found in short order:
1. Motor and controller state of the art is there, with existing products available at a very reasonable price point. No issue.
2. No battery system exists that possess the energy storage, power output, size, mass property, duration, life or ruggedness required, let alone at a truly affordable & sustainable price point that can be practical as well.
There is a possibility of something better than lithium-ion- the flouride-ion matrix. Prototype systems have shown the potential for three times the power output than li-ion, and eight times the storage capacity. Also, flouride is far more plentiful than lithium, and orders of magnitude less toxic, and unlike lithium, can be recycled. The client, a well-established petroleum corporation, is researching and developing this matrix. I cannot say who the client is, but their efforts towards this matrix is very impressive! But, they still have a ways to go. This paper is enlightening, but attached are some key takeaways about this matrix.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214993722000501