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1. Fash-E :windmill_of_friendship: (fash-e@poa.st)'s status on Monday, 26-Feb-2024 04:08:51 JST Fash-E :windmill_of_friendship:

   in reply to
   John III Sobieski, King of the Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuanian, could see another Ottoman invasion was coming. The Ottoman sultan Mehmed IV was building his forces and securing his other frontiers. An attack would come soon, on either Krakow or Vienna. In a controversial move for his government, The King extended an offer of alliance to his greatest rivals. The Tsar of Russia Peter the Great, the King of Sweden, and the Habsburg Emperor Leopold. All of whom had taken land from Poland in Sobieski's lifetime during the Deluge from 1648-1666.
   
   On July 14th 1683, Six months after the alliance was signed, the Ottoman army besieged Vienna. 170,000 Turks under Grand vizier Mustafa Pasha with 150 guns. The city was garrisoned with only 11,000 soldiers and 5,000 civilian volunteers. For 60 days, the cities defenders fought back the onslaught of Turks. Falling back through two rings of defenses until they were in the final citadel. The city was on the brink of surrender. Then on September 12th, the relief army arrived. 65,000 Poles, Germans, Swiss, and Cossacks with King Sobieski and his 3000 Winged Hussars in the vanguard. The Polish King led 18,000 cavalry on the largest charge in human history. Smashing into the Turkish army, then numbering around 120,000. The Turkish army broke and fled. 30,000 Turks were cut down in the charge. The Grand Vizier was executed by the Sultan for his failure.
   
   The Great Turkish War had begun. The Christian Alliance of Spain, Russia, Sweden, The Holy Roman Empire and Polish-Lithuania, drove the Turks all the way back to the former borders of Hungary and Bulgaria. All the territory lost in the devastating Battle of Mohacs was now under Christian Habsburg dominion. King John III Sobieski was awarded the title of Defender of the Faith by the Pope, for his heroic actions which saved all of Europe, turning the tide once and for all in the struggle against the Turks.
   
   In 1821, the Greeks launched an independence war against the Ottoman Empire. With support primarily from the Russian Tsar Nicholas I, as well as France and the UK. They forced the Ottomans to accept Greek autonomy in the Treaty of Adrianople and semi-autonomy for Serbia and Romania. After nine years of hard sacrifice on the part of Greece, it was finally recognized as an independent state. Ending a centuries long occupation by the Turks. In 1912, the Balkan nations Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia and Montenegro rose up in defiance of the Turks. They won the First Balkan war in seven months, May 30th 1913, finally driving the Turks back to Thrace.