Notices by HistoPol (histopol@mastodon.social), page 2

@MichaelEMann

(4/n)

...time to time.

The first one is that we are entering an #ElNiño period.
#Historically, 👉El Niño events have been the primary trigger for global #temperatures records👈 being broken. "

The second natural booster one is massive #eruptions of #underwater #volcanos:

The "#Tongan volcanic eruption [is] causing #temperatures to rise.
In January 2022, the #Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai #volcano..."

@MichaelEMann

(5/n)

"...exploded under the water."

"It was 👉the most powerful volcanic eruption on earth since #Krakatoa in 1883. 👈"

"👉Typically, volcanic eruptions cool the surface of the earth👈 in the same way as extra #sulphur #emissions from #ships – it shades the surface of the earth. "

"👉Water is a #GreenhouseGas like carbon dioxide👉, so more of that in the #stratosphere warms the surface of the planet.

However, the big story of this #eruption was..."

@MichaelEMann

(7/n)

...in nature:

"Professor #MichaelMann, from the Department of Earth and Environmental Science at the #UniversityOfPennsylvania, claims that 👉local weather factors [1], climate change and reduced #Saharan dust [sand] are all helping drive the sudden increase in ocean heat.👈

The change is most noticeable in the #NorthAtlantic Ocean, 👉but other bodies of water are seeing marine heatwaves of their own.👈

Global..."

(1)
https://www.digitaljournal.com/tech-science/north-atlantic-ocean-temperatures-climbing-to-historic-highs/articlehttps://www.skynews.com.au/insights-and-analysis/new-shipping-laws-a-rising-el-nino-and-a-massive-eruption-these-are-the-other-factors-driving-global-temperatures-to-the-brink-of-a-critical-threshold/news-story/421deac7f74b768f2a32f37c797997ec

@MichaelEMann

(6/n)

"...that 👉the water above the #volcano was literally launched into the #stratosphere, where it stays to this day. "

“We think that influence will 👉be there to the end of the decade👈 because that water #vapor - once it's up there because there’s no cloud and no rain – it will stay up there for a very long time,” he said."

There is a fourth issue, which IMO, is only local..."

@MichaelEMann

(9/n)

...Africa...
satellite data shows that some #SurfaceWaters in the area are almost 👉4 degrees Celsius (about 7 degrees Fahrenheit) above normal👈 for this time of the year,..."

But the abnormal warming will affect much larger areas than the #NorthAtlantic:

“A warm Atlantic tends to have a lot of global influences.” (2)

Rock you like a #hurricane: "Some global consequences

Atlantic Ocean...

@MichaelEMann

(11/n)

"...of the rising #OceanTemperatures.

👉The #Azores high has weakened and shifted southwest away from #Africa.👈

So those winds that typically pick up and transport #Saharan dust westward over the #NorthAtlantic are calmer and largely dust-free, says #MichaelMann,..." (2)

However, average ocean-surface temperatures of up to +5°C, as presently building up off the coast of the #BritishIsles...

Additional Sources:
(2)
https://www.digitaljournal.com/tech-science/north-atlantic-ocean-temperatures-climbing-to-historic-highs/article