Radia Perlman invented the algorithm for STP, putting basic traffic control into place for the internet. It provided automatic backup paths and disabled links not part of the tree, leaving a single, active path between any pair of network nodes.
Her more recent contributions include the invention of the TRILL protocol, which corrects some of the shortcomings of spanning trees and lets Ethernet make optimal use of bandwidth.
https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/radia-perlman
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Radia_Perlman_2009.jpg