"Searle's paper, titled 'Dazed & Confused: A Large-Scale Real-World User Study of reCAPTCHAv2,' found that Google's widely-used CAPTCHA system is primarily a mechanism for tracking user behavior and collecting data while providing little actual security against bots."
How Google turned 'I'm not a robot' into a massive surveillance system - Boing Boing https://boingboing.net/2025/02/07/recaptcha-819-million-hours-of-wasted-human-time-and-billions-of-dollars-google-profit.html